Calcinosis escrotal: ¿una entidad idiopática? / Scrotal Calcinosis: an Idiopathic Entity?

La calcinosis escrotal es una enfermedad benigna e infrecuente que se presenta en adultos de mediana edad, con múltiples nódulos asintomáticos a nivel de la piel del escroto. Algunos autores vinculan la aparición de estas lesiones a la calcificación secundaria de quistes epidérmicos o ecrinos. Cuando no se encuentra relacionada con dichas entidades ni con alteraciones del metabolismo fosfocálcico, el cuadro se considera idiopático. El tratamiento de elección es quirúrgico, en caso de impacto en la calidad de vida o relevancia estética para el paciente. (AU)

Scrotal calcinosis is a rare, benign disease that presents in middle-aged adults with multiple asymptomatic nodules on the skin of the scrotum. Some authors link the appearance of these lesions to the secondary calcification of epidermal or eccrine cysts. When it is not related to these entities or to alterations in phosphocalcic metabolism, the condition is considered idiopathic. The treatment of choice is surgical, in case of impact on the quality of life or aesthetic relevance for the patient. (AU)

Aspects of Langerhans cells and TNF-α in the cutaneous immunity of anogenital warts

Abstract Background: Anogenital warts are the leading sexually transmitted infection in patients seeking care at specialized clinics. They may display a vast array of forms, according to the interaction of the virus with the host's immunity. Cellular immunity is the epithelium's main form of defense against the virus, involving an active participation of the Langerhans cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. Objective: To assess the epithelial immune response of anogenital warts in males, according to the number of lesions presented. Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study carried out at the dermatology outpatient clinic in a tertiary hospital. We included male patients over 18 years of age without comorbidities who had anogenital condylomata and no previous treatments.In order to evaluate the local epithelial immunity, the lesions were quantified, then removed and employed in CD1a immunohistochemistry assays for assessing the morphometry and morphology of Langerhans cells; TNF-α; reaction was used for determining cytokine positivity in the epithelium. Results: 48 patients were included in the study. There was no statistically significant difference as to the number of Langerhans cells, in their morphology, or the presence of TNF-α. However, patients presenting with more Langerhans cells in the lesions had cells with a star-like and dendritic morphology, whereas in those with a lower cell count had cells with a rounded morphology and no dendrites (p < 0.001). Study limitations: Small number of patients analyzed. Conclusion: There was no difference in epithelial immunity between patients having few or many anogenital condyloma lesions as measured by the morphology and morphometry of Langerhans cells and TNF-α; positivity. Such an assessment employing immunity markers differing from the usual ones is expected to yield useful results.

High-risk mucosal HPV types associated with squamous cell carcinoma on the nose tip in an immunocompetent young man

Abstract: The oncogenic role of high-risk HPV in anogenital, head and neck, and cervical cancer is well recognized, but not in skin cancer in the general population. Some authors have demonstrated their appearance mainly on the hands and feet, particularly in the area of the nail bed, which could be due to contamination with HPV types from anogenital regions. Here, we describe a case of genital HPV associated with SCC on the nose tip in an immunocompetent young man, which was confirmed by histopathological findings and in situ hybridization. The importance of this report is to highlight the potential role of HPV in the etiology of skin cancer in an immunocompetent individual.

Porokeratosis ptychotropica of the scrotum: dermoscopic evaluation of an atypical presentation

Porokeratosis ptychotropica is a rare variant of porokeratosis that is classically located on the gluteal and perianal regions, seldom extending to the genitalia. The authors report an atypical presentation of porokeratosis ptychotropica and discuss the use of dermoscopy in evaluating this dermatosis. Dermoscopic findings, although not specific to this variant of porokeratosis, are helpful in the differential diagnosis of other genital disorders. Histopathology, through the visualization of multiple cornoid lamellae, prevails as the gold standard for the definite diagnosis of porokeratosis ptychotropica.

Eccrine poroma and porocarcinoma on the same unusual location: report on two cases

Eccrine poroma is a benign adnexal tumour of the uppermost portion of the intraepidermal eccrine sweat gland duct and acrosyringium. Eccrine porocarcinoma is the malignant phenotype arising from the intraepidermal portion of the eccrine sweat gland duct epithelium or from pre-existing eccrine poroma. Both commonly occur in the palms or sides of the feet; these areas have a high concentration of eccrine sweat glands. We describe two respective cases of benign and malignant eccrine poroma on the scrotum, which entailed good excisional results.

Poroqueratosis genitoglútea: una rara enfermedad habitualmente mal diagnosticada / Genitogluteal porokeratosis: a rare disease often misdiagnosed

Las poroqueratosis constituyen un grupo hererogéneo de trastornos de la queratinización caracterizados por placas anulares de borde elevado queratósico con histopatología que muestra lamelas cornoides. La poroqueratosis genitoglútea (PPG) es una rara variedad, con lesiones inflamatorias, eritematosas, con variable descamación, que suelen confurndirse con enfermedades venéreas, especialmente las provocadas por HPV. Se presenta un paciente con más de 20 años de evolución de la enfermedad, sin diagnóstico previo de la misma, tratado como enfermedad infecciosa...

Pruritic porokeratotic peno-scrotal plaques: Porokeratosis or porokeratotic epidermal reaction pattern? A report of 10 cases.

Background: Porokeratosis restricted to the genital region is rare with few cases described in the literature. Cases of porokeratosis restricted to the genital region are similar to plaque type of porokeratosis of Mibelli seen elsewhere on the body. We encountered 10 young males with pruritic plaques restricted to the peno-scrotal region, which clinically were not diagnosed as porokeratosis, but on biopsy revealed multiple cornoid lamellae, some of which were seen to arise from eccrine and follicular structures. Aims: The aim of this study is to study lesions restricted to the peno-scrotal region in males, which on biopsy showed cornoid lamellae suggestive of porokeratosis. Methods: Retrospective analysis of available data of patients who were rendered a histological diagnosis of genital porokeratosis. The database consisted of biopsies received in private consultation by the first author in the period January 2000 to March 2013. Results: Ten young men, 8 in their third decade, presented with pruritic plaques restricted to the peno-scrotal region of variable duration. The lesions were well-demarcated on the penis, but ill-defined with a rough granular surface on the scrotum. None of patients were diagnosed clinically as porokeratosis. The lesions were poorly responsive to topical steroid/antifungal treatment, but two patients showed partial improvement with oral isotretinoin. Biopsy in nine patients revealed multiple cornoid lamellae involving epidermis (6) and adnexal structures (3). One patient had a single cornoid lamella. Conclusion: The clinical and histological presentation of these patients is different from typical genital porokeratosis described in the literature and we postulate that these patients have an unusual porokeratotic reaction pattern of the epidermis with multiple cornoid lamellae.

Behçet disease in association with Budd-Chiari syndrome and multiple thrombosis - Case report / Doença de Behçet em associação com Síndrome de Budd-Chiari e tromboses múltiplas - Relato de caso

Behçet's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology, characterized by recurrent oral and genital aphthous ulcerations, uveitis, skin lesions and other multisystem affections associated with vasculitis. Different types of vessels, predominantly veins, can be affected in Behçet's disease. The frequency of vascular lesions in Behçet's disease, such as superficial and deep venous thromboses, arterial aneurysms and occlusions, ranges between 7-29%. Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare and serious complication of Behçet's disease and implies thrombosis of the hepatic veins and/or the intrahepatic or suprahepatic inferior vena cava. We report a case of a 25-year-old man with Behçet's disease that developed Budd-Chiari syndrome. The correlation of dermatological, pathological and imaging studies confirmed the diagnosis.

Doença de Behçet é uma doença inflamatória crônica de etiologia desconhecida, caracterizada clinicamente por ulcerações aftosas orais e genitais recorrentes, uveíte, lesões cutâneas e outras afecções multissistêmicas associadas à vasculite. Diferentes tipos de vasos, predominantemente veias, podem ser afetados na doença de Behçet, causando tromboses venosas superficiais e profundas, aneurismas arteriais e oclusões, com uma frequência em torno de 7 a 29%. Síndrome de Budd-Chiari é uma rara e grave complicação da SB e implica trombose das veias hepáticas e/ou da veia cava inferior intra ou suprahepática. Nós reportamos um caso de paciente masculino com Doença de Behçet que apresentou Síndrome de Budd-Chiari e tromboses múltiplas, cujo diagnóstico foi favorecido pela correlação entre aspectos dermatológicos, histopatológicos, radiológicos e laboratoriais.

Paracoccidioidomycosis of external genitalia: report of six new cases and review of the literature / Paracoccidioidomicose de localização genital externa: relato de seis novos casos e revisão da literatura

BACKGROUND: Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis of dermatological interest due to the frequency of cutaneous and mucosal lesions. The involvement of the external genitalia is extremely rare and few cases have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of external genitalia lesions in paracoccidioidomycosis patients, identify clinical characteristics and compare with what is observed in the specific literature. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study, with focus on paracoccidioiodomycosis patients with external genitalia lesions. The demographic and clinical aspects of cases were compared with what has been reported so far on LILACS, SciELO e MEDLINE data bases. RESULTS: Data of 483 cases of paracoccidioidomycosis were studied in a 42-year period. Six (1.2%) patients showed specific lesions on external genitalia. Five patients were male with mean age of 47.2 years and all of them presented with the chronic multifocal clinical form. Only one, a 15-year-old female patient was observed who showed a subacute clinical form, juvenile type. CONCLUSION: Compromise of the genitourinary tract among paracoccidioidomycosis patients is rare and even rarer when only the external genitalia are considered. As observed in the classical picture of paracoccidioidomycosis patients, the male gender and the chronic multifocal clinical form prevailed in the present study.

FUNDAMENTOS: Paracoccidioidomicose é micose sistêmica de interesse dermatológico pela freqüência de lesões tegumentares. Sua localização em genitália externa é extremamente rara e pouco descrita. OBJETIVOS: estudar a prevalência de lesões de paracoccidioidomicose de localização genital, identificar suas características clínicas e compará-las com a literatura específica. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, transversal, de série de casos, com inclusão de casos com lesões específicas de paracoccidioidomicose de localização genital externa, estudo das características demográficas e clínicas dos casos, confrontados com dados de revisão da literatura nas bases LILACS, SciELO e MEDLINE. RESULTADOS: foram revisados de 483 pacientes de paracoccidioidomicose diagnosticados no período de 42 anos. Seis (1,2%) pacientes apresentavam lesão específica de genitália externa. Cinco eram do sexo masculino com idade média de 47,2 anos e todos com a forma crônica multifocal da doença, O único caso do sexo feminino, de 15 anos de idade, apresentava a forma subaguda, tipo juvenil. CONCLUSÕES: o comprometimento do trato geniturinário na paracoccidioidomicose é raro e mais ainda quando se considera apenas as localizações de genitália externa. Como na paracoccidioidomicose clássica, o sexo masculino e a forma crônica da doença predominaram na amostragem estudada.

Esquistossomose mansônica em vesícula seminal / Schistosomiasis mansoni in the seminal vesicle

Em regiões endêmicas, a esquistossomose mansônica é responsável por uma alta taxa de morbimortalidade por doenças associadas à infestação do sistema hepático. O acometimento genital pela schistosomiasis mansoni é raro. Nós relatamos o primeiro caso de esquistossomose mansônica em vesícula seminal diagnosticado, incidentalmente, pelo exame histopatológico da próstata e vesículas seminais removidos cirurgicamente.

In endemic regions, Mansoni schistosomiasis is responsible for high morbidity-mortality rates due to diseases associated with infestation of the hepatic system. Genital involvement caused by Mansoni schistosomiasis is rare. We report the first case of Mansoni schistosomiasis in the seminal vesicle, which was diagnosed incidentally by means of histopathological study of the prostate and seminal vesicles after surgical removal.

Epididymo-testicular malacoplakia--a case report.

Malacoplakia is one of the rare, chronic inflammatory disorders affecting the epididymis and testis. Diagnosis of the same is important as the treatment differs from the other granulomatous lesions in this area. We present a case of malacoplakia involving both the epididymis and testis with a brief review of literature.

Ectopic adrenal tissue in the spermatic cord in pediatric patients: surgical implications

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence and relevance of ectopic adrenal tissue in pediatric patients who underwent groin surgical explorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 1120 patients with groin surgical explorations during a period of 8 consecutive years. PatientsÆ clinical data and histological findings were analyzed. RESULTS: We found ectopic adrenal tissue in 13 patients in 1120 groin surgical exploration (1.16 percent). Of the 13 cases, 5 were diagnosed as having undescended testes, 6 inguinal hernia and 2 communicating hydrocele. Median age at diagnosis was 5.6 years. Histological sections showed adrenal cortical tissue with no medulla present. CONCLUSION: Based on the clinical implications of those adrenal rests it is mandatory the removal of this ectopic tissue whenever encountered during surgical interventions in the groin region in children.

Paratesticular leiomyosarcoma treated by enucleation

Spermatic cord leiomyosarcomas are rare tumors and standard treatment consists of radical orchiectomy and high cord ligation. We report a case of a paratesticular leiomyosarcoma successfully treated by enucleation. A 22-year-old man presented with a 6-months history of inguinal pain. Physical examination revealed a right paratesticular nodule about 0.5 cm in diameter. Inguinal exploration and nodule biopsy were performed. It was thought to be a benign epididymal nodule on a quick section and the tumor was enucleated and sent for paraffin section. Histology and immunohistochemistry were compatible with leiomyosarcoma. The patient was advised to undergo radical orchiectomy with high cord ligation. However, he refused surgery. An alternative approach with clinical, biochemical and radiological follow-up was adopted. The patient has been followed up for thirteen years and shows no evidence of disease.

Distension abdominal y edemas por quiste del cordon espermatico / Abdomina distention and edema due to spermatic cord cyst

La distensión abdominal es un síntoma común, siendo en general la presentación inicial de enfermedadessistémicas o desórdenes gastrointestinales. Otras causas son infrecuentes. Los quistesdel cordón espermático son poco frecuentes, pero aún más su ubicación intraabdominal, su tamaño habitual esinsuficiente para producir distensión. El paciente presentado en este caso es un varón con criptorquidia bilateraladmitido por distensión abdominal, interpretada inicialmente como síndrome ascítico edematoso. La ecografíainterpretó la distensión como ascitis tabicada, y la tomografía computada como debida a un gran quiste. En laexploración quirúrgica se diagnosticó un quiste gigante del cordón espermático de ubicación abdominal.

Abdominal distention is a frequentsymptom, being often the initial presentation of systemic diseases or gastrointestinal disorders. Othercauses are uncommon. Spermatic cord cysts are infrequent, abdominal location is even rarer, and the size ofthe cysts is usually not enough to produce abdominal distention. In our case a man with bilateral cryptorchidismwas admitted with abdominal distention and edema of the lower extremities initially interpreted as asciticedematoussyndrome. Ultrasonography interpreted abdominal distention as septate ascites, computed tomographyas a giant cyst. Exploratory surgery showed a giant spermatic cord cyst in the left spermatic cord.

Effects of the polypropylene mesh implanted through inguinotomy in the spermatic funiculus, epididium and testis of dogs

OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da tela de polipropileno implantada por inguinotomia no funículo espermático, epidídimo e testículo de cães. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 18 cães (12-23 Kg) distribuídos em três grupos: Grupo A (n=7): lado esquerdo (com tela) e lado direito (sem tela); Grupo B (n=7): lado esquerdo (sem tela) e lado direito (com tela) e Grupo C (n=4): sem manipulação cirúrgica (Grupo controle). Após 60 dias, os animais foram submetidos a remoção bilateral do funículo espermático, do epidídimo e testículos e encaminhados para estudo histológico. Durante a re-operação foi realizada avaliação macroscópica. RESULTADOS: No lado com tela observou-se 100% de aderência à parede posterior do canal inguinal, assim como no funículo espermático. Observou-se congestão do plexo pampiniforme em três animais. Verificou-se reação inflamatória crônica e de corpo estranho em 100% dos funículos espermáticos. Do lado que não recebeu a tela observou-se reação inflamatória crônica em 71% dos animais. Todos os animais apresentaram reação inflamatória crônica no ducto deferente do lado com tela e em 11 animais no lado sem tela. Essas alterações não foram encontradas no Grupo C. Ocorreu uma redução estatisticamente significante na diferença de diâmetro do lúmen do ducto deferente no lado com tela. No epidídimo e testículo, as alterações macro e microscópicas não foram significantes, porém um animal apresentou redução acentuada da espermatogênese no lado com tela. CONCLUSÃO: A tela de polipropileno em contato com o funículo espermático de cães causa reação inflamatória crônica intensa e redução significante do diâmetro do lúmen do ducto deferente.

Paracoccidioidomycosis of the male genital tract. Report of eleven cases and a review of Brazilian literature

Eleven cases of involvement of the genital tract in paracoccidioidomycosis were collected in a retrospective study of the clinical records of 683 patients seen in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. These cases are herein summarily reported. Eighteen similar cases were gathered in review of the Brazilian literature. Obtained data are discussed